The hidden dangers of heatwaves – stay safe this summer

The Impact of Climate Change on Heatwaves

Scientists have issued a stark warning that heatwaves are now 100 times more likely and 2-4°C hotter due to the effects of climate change. A rapid study conducted by the World Weather Attribution (WWA) research group revealed that the recent heatwave in the southeast of England was approximately 10 times more probable than it would have been without human-induced global warming. This alarming trend underscores the urgent need for awareness and action.

In addition to the increased likelihood of such extreme weather events, researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Imperial College London estimated that around 570 excess deaths occurred between 19 June and 22 June as a result of the previous heatwave. These figures highlight the serious health implications of prolonged exposure to high temperatures.

Current Temperature Trends and Alerts

Temperatures in the UK are expected to reach 34°C on Saturday, following a record high of 34.7°C in the West Midlands on Friday. Wales also experienced its hottest day of the year, with Usk recording a temperature of 32.7°C. In response to these rising temperatures, amber heat health alerts are currently in place across large parts of England. Authorities warn that the soaring temperatures over the weekend could lead to an increase in heat-related deaths.

The alert covers several regions, including the East Midlands, West Midlands, South East, South West, East of England, and London, and will remain in effect until 9am on Monday. It is crucial for residents to take precautions to protect themselves during this period.

Staying Safe During a Heatwave

Preventing Dehydration

Staying hydrated is essential during hot weather. The government recommends drinking fluids regularly throughout the day, especially if you are active. Water, diluted squash, and lower-fat milks are ideal choices. While fruit juice, smoothies, and soft drinks may seem refreshing, they often contain high levels of sugar, which can contribute to dehydration. It is advisable to limit consumption of these and opt for diet, sugar-free, or no-added-sugar alternatives instead.

When heading out, carry a refillable water bottle and ensure you have extra supplies if traveling by car or public transport. Alcohol can also dehydrate the body, so choosing alcohol-free drinks or alternating alcoholic drinks with water is recommended.

Protecting Yourself from the Sun

Even in the UK, the sun can be strong enough to cause sunburn, particularly for children who are more vulnerable to skin damage. To reduce your risk, follow these sun safety measures:

Stay in the shade between 11am and 3pm when the sun is at its strongest.
Wear loose, light-coloured clothing made from tightly woven fabric, such as long-sleeved shirts, trousers, or long skirts.
Protect your head, neck, face, and ears with a wide-brimmed hat.
Use sunglasses to shield your eyes from the sun.
Apply sunscreen generously and reapply regularly, especially after swimming or using a towel. The NHS recommends using sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30 and a UVA rating of four or five stars.

Keeping Your Home Cool

Homes can become uncomfortably warm during hot weather, especially at night when trying to sleep. To keep indoor temperatures down, consider the following steps:

Keep blinds and curtains closed on windows that face direct sunlight during the day.
If your home has external shutters or shades, keep them closed too.
Try to sleep or rest in the coolest part of the house.
When it's cooler outside than indoors, typically during the night, open windows if it is safe, and create a cross-breeze to help air circulate.
Use electric fans if the indoor temperature is below 35°C, but avoid directing airflow straight at your body, as this can contribute to dehydration.
Make sure heating systems are switched off.
Turn off any lights or electronic devices not being used, as they can generate extra heat.
If the temperature outside is cooler, especially in shaded areas, consider spending time outdoors. Public spaces such as places of worship, libraries, or supermarkets may be cooler than your home. If they are nearby, visiting one can offer a helpful break from the heat.

Recognising Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke

Heat exhaustion occurs when the body gets too hot and struggles to cool down. It’s not usually serious if you cool down within 30 minutes, but if untreated, it can develop into heatstroke, according to the NHS.

Signs of heat exhaustion include: - Tiredness or weakness - Dizziness or feeling faint - Headache - Muscle cramps - Nausea or vomiting - Heavy sweating - Strong thirst

Heatstroke is more serious and occurs when the body’s temperature rises to dangerous levels and can no longer cool itself. Symptoms include: - Confusion or disorientation - Loss of coordination - Rapid heartbeat - Fast breathing or shortness of breath - Hot, dry skin (not sweating) - Seizures

Heatstroke is a medical emergency. Call 999 immediately and try to cool the person down while waiting for help.

Who Is Most at Risk?

While anyone can feel unwell in the heat, some people are more vulnerable. These include: - Older adults, especially those aged 65 and over - Babies and young children under five - People with long-term health conditions such as heart or lung problems, dementia, diabetes, kidney or mobility issues - Those taking certain medications or living with serious mental health conditions - Anyone already unwell and dehydrated, for example, due to sickness or diarrhoea - People who are dependent on alcohol or drugs - Individuals who are very active outdoors, such as runners, cyclists or manual workers - Those without stable housing, including rough sleepers or people in temporary accommodation - People living alone who may struggle to look after themselves during extreme heat